Lupus has no cure. Still, people who have the autoimmune disease can control their symptoms with a treatment plan they create with their doctors. Because no two cases of lupus are exactly the same, treatments can vary from person to person. But the goals are typically similar: prevent and treat flares, and reduce problems related to lupus (like organ damage, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and infection).
Medications
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Over-the-counter anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve) are often used to treat lupus pain and swelling. If drugstore versions don't work, then your doctor may prescribe you a stronger one.
Antimalarial drugs: Drugs that treat malaria may be used in combination with other medications to control lupus symptoms like skin rashes, mouth ulcers, and joint pain. The most commonly prescribed antimalarial drugs for lupus are hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) and chloroquine (Aralen). Risk for complication is low, though some may experience stomach upset while they're getting used to the meds. It's also recommended that patients who use these drugs visit an ophthalmologist annually for an eye exam, since one rare side effect is retinal damage.
Cortociosteroids: Prednisone is the most commonly prescribed steroid for lupus. These drugs treat the symptoms of inflammation—which include swelling, warmth, tenderness, and pain—by lessening the immune system’s response. The downside: there are a lot of side effects, and the chances of experiencing them increase the longer you use the steroid. Side effects can include weight gain, acne, high blood pressure, diabetes, and increased risk of infection.
Immunosuppressants: This type of drug controls inflammation and an overactive immune system. They are commonly prescribed when corticosteroids fail to control symptoms, or a patient can't tolerate high doses of steroids. Drugs include azathioprine (Imuran, Azasan), mycophenolate (CellCept), leflunomide (Arava) and methotrexate (Trexall). Side effects vary by drug, but can include increased risk of infection and liver damage.
RELATED: 9 Celebrities Who Have Lupus
Lifestyle remedies
Get enough sleep: Fatigue is one of the most persistent symptoms of lupus, so it's essential for patients to get adequate rest.
Stay out of the sun: Exposure to the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays can trigger a lupus flare-up. Stick to the shade when you're outside, and always wear sunscreen rated at least SPF 55.
Don't smoke: Quitting smoking should be a priority for anyone who still lights up—not just people who have lupus. For people with lupus, smoking can worsen the effects of lupus on your heart and blood vessels.
Keep stress in check: Stress can trigger a lupus flare. Don't be afraid to say "no," surround yourself with people you love, and exercise regularly, and simply listen to your body.
Eat well: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains is important for everyone, but especially people who have lupus. There is a strong connection between lupus and heart disease, so a heart-healthy diet should be a top priority.
Get enough sleep: Fatigue is one of the most persistent symptoms of lupus, so it's essential for patients to get adequate rest.
Stay out of the sun: Exposure to the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays can trigger a lupus flare-up. Stick to the shade when you're outside, and always wear sunscreen rated at least SPF 55.
Don't smoke: Quitting smoking should be a priority for anyone who still lights up—not just people who have lupus. For people with lupus, smoking can worsen the effects of lupus on your heart and blood vessels.
Keep stress in check: Stress can trigger a lupus flare. Don't be afraid to say "no," surround yourself with people you love, and exercise regularly, and simply listen to your body.
Eat well: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains is important for everyone, but especially people who have lupus. There is a strong connection between lupus and heart disease, so a heart-healthy diet should be a top priority.
What is lupus?
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Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own tissues and organs. Symptoms vary from person to person and can include fatigue, joint pain, swelling, rashes, and fever. And since no two cases present exactly alike, lupus is notoriously misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis, a virus, or something else. The condition can harm the skin, kidneys, heart, nervous system, blood cells, and more. Despite being a lupus is actually quite common. About 1.5 million people in the United States have it--including these ten celebrities (and one celebri-dog). 11 symptoms used to diagnose lupus13 conditions that mimic fibromyalgiaSelena Gomez
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In 2014, Selena Gomez took some time out of the spotlight, and tabloids widely reported that she had been in rehab for drug and alcohol addiction. In fact, she had been undergoing treatment for lupus. "I was diagnosed with lupus, and I’ve been through chemotherapy. That’s what my break was really about. I could've had a stroke," in an October 2015 interview. "I wanted so badly to say, 'You guys have no idea. I’m in chemotherapy.'"Though chemotherapy is best-known as a cancer treatment, it can also be used in rheumatology. The drugs (which are typically given at a lower dose) slow cell reproduction to control inflammation. 10 food rules for pain patientsNick Cannon
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In January 2012, the TV personality and entertainer was hospitalized for kidney failure, and just a few weeks later was treated for life-threatening blood clots in his lungs. Doctors diagnosed him with lupus, and since then, he has been outspoken about living with the condition. He served as the Grand Marshal for the Lupus Foundation of America's Walk to End Lupus Now in Washington, DC, in 2014. "I have lupus, but lupus doesn't have me," he said in an interview. I'm one of those people who wants to wave the flag and say, you can win this fight." 15 diseases doctors often get wrongLady Gaga
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In 2010, Lady Gaga told Larry King that she tested "borderline positive" for lupus. But to be diagnosed with lupus, a person must have certain symptoms and a positive blood test for self-attacking antibodies.A positive test, which Lady Gaga might have been talking about, doesn’t mean you have lupus--you need to have symptoms, too. (And the pop diva told Larry she didn’t.) One in five women test positive for lupus-associated antibodies, but only about 10% have the autoimmune disease.Toni Braxton
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Women of color are two to three times more likely than white women to develop lupus, says Dawn Isherwood, a health educator with the Lupus Foundation of America. Braxton, who was diagnosed with lupus in 2008, tweeted in November 2011: "Lupus medication actually causes most women to gain weight. But we’re still fabulous! I’m going to work it on out." Corticosteroids--one of the mainstays of lupus treatment--can indeed promote weight gain. Still, exercise can help people with lupus manage their weight and will also improve their quality of life, Isherwood says.Seal
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The scars on the singer’s face are the result of discoid lupus erythematosus, a type of lupus involving only the skin. Discoid lupus typically causes sores on the face and scalp but can affect the skin anywhere on the body. It can also cause hair loss. People with discoid lupus are often sensitive to ultraviolet light, and need to be careful about sun exposure. Ten percent of people with discoid lupus will go on to develop systemic lupus, Isherwood says, although it’s possible these individuals already had the illness but just weren’t diagnosed.Cori Broadus
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Even though lupus most often strikes women during their childbearing years, from 15 to 44, "anybody at any age can develop lupus, and has," says Isherwood.Rapper Snoop Dogg’s daughter, Cori Broadus, first showed symptoms of lupus--lightening of her skin, hair loss, and dramatic weight loss--at age six, in 2005. According to a family profile published in People in 2010, Cori is now playing softball and volleyball, doing well in school, and taking several medications to keep the illness under control. "I can’t stay in the sun long, but I feel good most of the time," she told the magazine.Tim Raines
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When playing left field for the Oakland Athletics in 1999, Raines sought medical attention for extreme fatigue. He had swelling in his knees and ankles and was 15 pounds heavier than normal, suggesting he was retaining water; his doctor ordered a kidney biopsy, and diagnosed lupus. The disease was attacking Raines’ kidneys, throwing off the normal balance of water and salt in his body. His case was severe, but he improved with radiation therapy and medication. Raines even went back to baseball, joining the Montreal Expos in 2001, and retiring in 2002 with the Florida Marlins.Charles Kuralt
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The broadcast journalist died of heart disease, a common complication of lupus, at age 62, just weeks after being diagnosed with the autoimmune disease. Still, he could have had lupus for a far longer time. Men may be more likely to be diagnosed later in the course of disease, Isherwood says, both because they are less likely to seek medical care in general, and because doctors may not consider lupus in their male patients. About nine out of every 10 people with lupus is female, she explains, so it’s not surprising that "it’s sometimes thought of as a 'women’s disease.' "Flannery O’Connor
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The great Southern novelist and short-story writer had her first attack of lupus in 1950, at age 25. In 1964, possibly due to the stress of surgery to remove a fibroid tumor, O’Connor’s lupus, which had been in remission, became active again. She died within months. The writer’s father also had lupus. Close relatives of people with lupus have about a 5% risk of developing the disease themselves, a risk many times higher than for the general population. (An estimated 0.5% of the general population in the U.S. has lupus.) The tendency to develop lupus is carried in the genes, notes Isherwood, but other factors trigger the body’s autoimmune attack. Potential culprits include cigarette smoke, sunlight, stress, and certain infections.Barbara and George Bush’s dog Millie
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The former first dog, springer spaniel, Millie, may be the most famous animal with lupus. The disease in canines is very similar to the human version, having the same symptoms, such as fatigue, hair loss, joint pain, and skin problems. Like people, dogs are tested for autoantibodies to confirm or rule out a diagnosis of lupus. And like humans, dogs can lead healthy lives with lupus if they receive effective treatment to quell their overactive immune systems. (Millie lived to be 12.)
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